Internet of Things (IoT): Cybersecurity Risks in Healthcare

The rapid growth and investment in the Internet of Things (IoT) has significantly impacted how individuals and industries operate. The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a network of physical, technology-embedded objects that communicate, detect, and interact with their external environment or internal state (Hung, 2017). According to Tankovska (2020), IoT devices are estimated to reach 21.5 billion units by 2025. This technological boom is leading various industrial sectors to notice a quick increase in cybersecurity risks and threats. One industrial sector has been particularly vulnerable to numerous cyber threats across the globe: healthcare. Oliver Noble (2020), a data encryption specialist at NordLocker, suggests that cybercriminals target healthcare institutions because they store an overwhelming amount of patient information that is private, personal, and unchangeable. Healthcare organizations have a difficult time securing their cybersecurity infrastructure and the reasons for this will be further discussed in this paper

An investigation of urban agriculture on residential blocks in Vancouver

Urban agriculture, which encompasses growing food on residential land, community and school gardens, rooftop gardens and inner city farms and any other food growing that occurs within a city, is an increasingly popular activity in the City of Vancouver. Urban agriculture has many environmental and social benefits and this is recognized in recent publications by municipal governments of the region. The focus of this project was to investigate how land is partitioned on residential blocks, how much residential land is being used to grow food, and if there is space and willingness to increase food growing on residential blocks. We also investigated whether residents would be willing to share their yard space if they have it. To answer these questions, we analyzed aerial photos of one block randomly selected from each of Vancouver’s twenty-two neighbourhoods and administered a survey to the residents of these neighbourhoods. We grouped the twenty-two neighbourhoods of our analysis into four categories based on their dwelling density. Some important findings were that 77% of Vancouver residents believe it is important to eat food that is grown locally, 52% of Vancouver residents grow some food for some period of the year. There is a significant correlation between individual residents’ responses relating to the importance of eating local food and whether they grow food. We also found that between 8-12% of the yard area of residential blocks is currently being used to grow food, which leaves space for food growing to increase. Our survey data indicates that there is not only available space, but also willingness on behalf of residents for food growing to increase. The data also indicates that given various conditions, at a minimum 26% of residents would be willing to share their yard space for others to grow food on. Based on the findings from our analysis of aerial photos and from our survey, we make the following recommendations: • Increase education on the benefits of growing food and how to tend a food garden in Vancouver. • Encourage and support Vancouver residents to grow food on residential spaces. • Support the existing supply of local food in its many forms and preserve existing agricultural land. • Provide more long lasting spaces for growing food for recreational and commercial purposes. • Use data on current high density areas as predictors for the needs of low and medium density areas in the future. Green space on residential blocks is an inventory of land that currently contributes to urban agriculture in the City of Vancouver. With appropriate action on behalf of residents and local governments, this inventory could be used to increase urban agriculture, which has the potential to benefit the City and its residents in various ways.Science, Faculty ofEarth and Ocean Sciences, Department ofUnreviewedUndergraduat

Synthesis of High Molecular Weight and Strength Polyisobutylene-Based Polyurethane and Its Use for the Development of a Synthetic Heart Valve

Under optimized synthesis conditions we prepared, for the first time, polyisobutylene-based polyurethane (PIB-PU) with 70% PIB soft segment (i.e., a bioinert and calcification resistant PU) with Mn >100,000 Da, 32 MPa ultimate strength and 630 % elongation. The key parameters for this achievement were (a) the precise stoichiometry of the polyurethane forming reaction, specifically the use of highly purified diisocyanate (MDI), and (b) the increased the solid content of the synthesis solution to the limit beyond which increased viscosity prevents stirring. The shape of the stress-strain trace of PIB-PU indicates two-step failure starting with a reversible elastic (Hookean) region up to ~50 % yield, followed by a slower linearly increasing high modulus deformation region suggesting the strengthening of PIB soft segments by entanglement/catenation, and the hard segments by progressively ordering urethane domains. This PIB-PUs is a candidate for a fully synthetic bioprosthetic heart valve since preliminary studies show that PIB-PU has impressive fatigue life.Armstrong Trust and Vice Chancellor's Scholarshi